LibGuides: Harvard Reference Style: Harvard in-text references

Introduction to Harvard in-text references

In-text references

In-text references are also known as in-text citations

Should include the authorship and the date of publication
Where et al. is used in, this should always be upright, not italic.

In-text references: Multiple authors

Multiple authors

Two or three authors

Cite all authors every time the citation occurs.

Three and more authors

When a work has three or more authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs, but in subsequent citations only use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”

In-text references: Author(s) published in the same year

Please note when you cite author(s) that published in the same year, you must add lower case letters immediately after the year to distinguish them , e.g. (Smith, 2017a).

In-text references: Corporate authors

It is acceptable to use standard abbreviations for these bodies, e.g. RCN, in

your text, providing that the full name is given at the first citing with the

abbreviation in brackets:

First citation:

… following major pioneering research in 2006 undertaken

by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) it has been shown

that …

Second citation:

More recently the RCN (2012) has issued guidelines for …