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Critical appraisal tools
Cochrane
Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias
JBI
JBI critical appraisal tool
NHMSRC
NHMRC tools to assess risk of bias
GRADE
GRADE is a systematic approach to rating the certainty of evidence in systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses
Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale is an eight-item instrument used to assess the quality of studies in research articles
CEBM
CEBM at Oxford University provides critical appraisal worksheets to help researchers appraise the reliability, importance and applicability of clinical evidence
Academy of Nutrition and Dietics
Academy of Nutrition and Dietics Evidence Analysis Manual
EPHPP
EPHPP “Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies,” which allows experts to apply this tool to articles on any public health topics
Data appraisal
Critical appraisal of the data
- Enables a reviewer to assess the trustworthiness, relevance, and results of the identified data to help determine if it is believable and useful.
- Helps to establish the methodological quality of the identified studies.
- It's essential to use a variety of critical appraisal instruments tailored to the design or type of study or literature under review, especially since this approach significantly increases the rigour of the evaluation.
- Unfortunately, no single tool can be universally applied to all studies or literature, as each instrument has its limitations and is suited to specific types of research. Therefore, setting appropriate marks or cut-off points for selection becomes crucial to ensuring a fair assessment.
- Documentation of the appraisal process is also vital, and presenting the results in a table format can enhance clarity and facilitate comparisons across different studies.
- Should consider the internal validity of the study (how well the study was conducted), the external validity (the generalisability of the study), and the risk of bias.
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